Which statement correctly describes the role-based access control (RBAC) model?

The role-based access control (RBAC) model is designed to regulate access to resources based on the roles assigned to individual users within an organization. This approach means that permissions to access certain resources are not tied to individual user accounts but rather to the roles themselves, which are defined according to job responsibilities and functions within the organization. Therefore, a user can access specific resources when their assigned role includes the necessary permissions.

The strength of RBAC lies in its ability to simplify user management and enhance security by ensuring users only have access to information necessary for their roles, thereby reducing the risk of unauthorized access. This is particularly beneficial in large organizations where managing individual permissions for each user would be cumbersome and prone to error.

The other options present scenarios that do not accurately reflect how RBAC operates. Each user having uniquely assigned permissions complicates access management and is not the essence of RBAC, which focuses on roles rather than individual accounts. Assigning the same permission to all user accounts ignores the principle of differentiated access based on roles. Additionally, providing access based on seniority does not correspond with the functional and role-oriented nature of RBAC, which emphasizes job functions over hierarchical status.